In the AWG system, a gauge change of 3 approximately doubles or halves the conductor's:

In the American Wire Gauge (AWG) system, a change of 3 gauges corresponds to a substantial change in a conductor's resistance. Specifically, a decrease of 3 gauge numbers signifies a doubling of the conductor's cross-sectional area, which effectively reduces the resistance by approximately half. Conversely, an increase of 3 gauge numbers corresponds to a reduction in the cross-sectional area and results in a doubling of the resistance.

Resistance is intrinsically linked to the material properties and dimensions of the conductor; it is directly proportional to the length of the conductor and inversely proportional to its cross-sectional area. This means that larger diameter wires (lower gauge numbers) will have lower resistance, which is a critical parameter in any electrical or data transmission system.

Understanding the relationship between gauge size and resistance is crucial for ensuring efficient design and performance in installations. The other choices — capacitance, inductance, and impedance — do not relate to the gauge change in the same manner, hence are not as relevant in this context.